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- From: raymoon@dgsys.com (Raymond Moon)
- Newsgroups: alt.lang.asm,comp.lang.asm.x86,news.answers,alt.answers,comp.answers
- Subject: x86 Assembly Language FAQ - A86 and D86
- Supersedes: <4gdsq2$o9c@news.dgsys.com>
- Followup-To: alt.lang.asm,comp.lang.asm.x86
- Date: 21 Mar 1996 22:52:29 GMT
- Organization: MoonWare
- Lines: 341
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
- Distribution: world
- Expires: Sat, 20 Apr 1996 23:59:59 GMT
- Message-ID: <4ismjd$2tq@news.dgsys.com>
- Reply-To: raymoon@moonware.dgsys.com
- NNTP-Posting-Host: dgs.dgsys.com
- Summary: This is the FAQ for the x86 Assembly Language programmers for the
- alt.lang.asm and comp.lang.asm.x86 newsgroups. This particular section of
- the FAQ contains x86 assembly information specific to the Eric Isaacson's
- shareware A86 assembler and D86 debugger.
- Keywords: x86 Assemby Language ASM FAQ A86 D86
- X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2]
- Xref: news.primenet.com alt.lang.asm:8425 comp.lang.asm.x86:18602 news.answers:66835 alt.answers:16277 comp.answers:17534
-
- Archive-name: assembly-language/x86/a86
- Posting-Frequency: monthly (21st of every month)
- Last-modified: 1996/01/17
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 1. Introduction and Intent
-
- This is the x86 Assembly Language FAQ for the comp.lang.asm.x86 and
- alt.lang.asm newsgroups. This FAQ is posted monthly on or about the 21st
- of the month on both newsgroups and news.answers, alt.answers and
- comp.answers. It also is archived at the normal FAQ archival sites and the
- SimTel mirror sites in the msdos/info directory. Lastly, the current
- version is available from my web page as:
- http://www2.dgsys.com/~raymoon/faq/asmfaq.zip
- Currently, this FAQ is broken into six sections. The following are the
- section filenames and the scope of each section of the FAQ.
-
- assembly-language/x86/general/part1 - This is the basic portion of the FAQ
- that contains information of interest to all assembly language
- programmers. In general, the information contained in this portion of
- the FAQ is not specific to any particular assembler.
-
- assembly-language/x86/general/part2 - This is a continuation of the above
- FAQ.
-
- assembly-language/x86/general/part3 - This is a continuation of the above
- FAQ.
-
- assembly-language/x86/microsoft - This portion of the FAQ contains
- information specific for the Microsoft MASM.
-
- assembly-language/x86/borland - This portion of the FAQ contains
- information specific for the Borland TASM.
-
- assembly-language/x86/a86 - This portion of the FAQ contains information
- specific for the Shareware A86 Assembler and D86 Debugger.
-
- The scope and content of this FAQ is to go beyond just answering the
- frequently asked questions. I am including pointers to assembly language
- treasure troves that are hidden out on the internet. I believe that this
- will enhance the FAQ's value not only to the novices but also to the old
- hands.
-
- Any subject listed as "OPEN" means that this topic as been requested but no
- one has come forth and volunteered to write this section. Volunteers
- please indicate your intentions to the author listed below either by
- posting to either newsgroup or by sending e-mail to the author at the below
- address.
-
- The general guidelines for submission are:
- * accuracy and conciseness;
- * pointers to where on the internet more detailed information is
- available; and
- * any code submitted will be generic so that most assemblers can assemble
- successfully.
-
- Any subject listed as "UNDER CONSTRUCTION" has a volunteer currently
- writing that subject. If you desire to assist or have some information
- that you believe would be of help in writing that particular subject,
- contact the contributor of that subject or post to both newsgroups. Once a
- subject is submitted to me, I will post it on both newsgroups for comment.
- After any changes that may be necessary are made, I will include it in the
- next posting of the FAQ.
-
- For the ease of determining what has changed since the last FAQ, the Table
- of Contents will have "REVISED" at the end of the subject line for all
- revised subjects. If more than one FAQ revision has been missed, the "Last
- Changed:" entry at the end of each subject can be used to determine which
- subjects have been revised during the intervening time frame.
-
- The information in this FAQ is free for all to use as long as you
- acknowledge the source. This FAQ can be reproduced in part or in its
- entirety as long as the copyright is included. This FAQ can be made
- available on public servers, like ftp, gopher or WWW servers. Please do
- not modify the file, such as converting it into some other format, without
- prior permission of the author.
-
- All references to files and locations are in Uniform Resource Locators
- (URLs) format. Some web browser will be able to use these URLs directly as
- hot links. If the format is not clear to you, get RFC 1738. It is
- available from: ftp://is.internic.net/rfc/rfc1738.txt
-
- Suggestions for changes and comments are always welcome. They can be
- posted to either newsgroup or e-mailed directly to the me.
-
- Author: Raymond Moon, raymoon@moonware.dgsys.com
- Copyright 1996 - Raymond Moon
- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
- Last Changed: 17 Feb 96
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 2. Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction And Intent
- 2. Table Of Contents
- 3. What is A86 Assembler and Where Can I Get It
- 4. Structuring Assembly Language in A86
- 5. A386/D386 Availability
- 6. A86 Source Code Site
- 7. Acknowledgments
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 3. What is A86 Assembler and Where Can I Get It
-
- 3.1 A86 ASSEMBLER - A86V402.ZIP
-
- The A86 is Eric Isaacson's shareware assembler. The latest version is 4.02
- and support up to the 286 instruction set. This assembler does not support
- the extended registers and instructions introduced with the 386 processor.
- This assembler accepts assembly language source files, and transforms them
- directly into either: (1) .COM files executable under MS-DOS, starting at
- offset 0100 within a code segment; (2) .OBJ files suitable for feeding to a
- linker; or (3) object files starting at offset 0, suitable for copying to
- ROMs. A86 is a full featured program designed to be as closely compatible
- to the standard Intel/IBM assembly language as possible.
-
- Some of A86's features are:
- - Assembly speed
- - Ease of use
- - Support modular programming even in .com files
- - Support very large programming projects
- - Full featured macro capability
- - Support for math coprocessor instructions
- - Supported by its own debugger, D86
-
- New features of version 4.02 are:
- - INCLUDE file support
- - listings
- - no limit on size of sourse files
- - forward references in complex expressions
- - END operand
- - default ORG END in DATA SEGMENT
-
- 3.2 D86 DEBUGGER - D86V402.ZIP
-
- The D86 is Eric Isaacson's shareware debugger. The latest version is 4.02.
- D86 is a screen-oriented debugger that facilitates the troubleshooting of
- faulty computer programs written for the IBM-PC and all compatibles. D86
- can freeze the state of a program so that the values of registers, flags,
- and memory can be investigated. The program's execution can be monitored
- by stepping it one instruction or procedure at a time; or starting the
- program running, telling D86 to stop it when it reaches certain locations.
- D86 recognizes the symbol-table output of the A86 assembler, creating a
- symbolic disassembly of a A86 program, and allowing referenced to locations
- and variables by name.
-
- Some of D86's features are:
- - Values of registers, flags and stack top are displayed at a fixed
- location on the screen.
- - Support for viewing memory contents in a variety of types including
- complicated structures.
- - Support for displaying math coprocessor registers
-
- New features of version 4.02 are:
- - Keystroke scripts
- - macro keys
- - Undo command
- - file copy and delete
-
- 3.3 OTHER FILES
-
- A86CNVRT.ZIP
-
- This file contains information on converting MASM files into A86 files.
- The information is dated and a better source is Chapter 12 of the A86
- documentation.
-
- D86BIOS4.ZIP
-
- If your computer does not have an IBM-compatible BIOS, this file will help
- getting D86, the debugger, to work with your BIOS.
-
- 3.4 FILE AVAILABILITY
-
- All files are available from SimTel
-
- ftp://ftp.coast.net/SimTel/msdos/asmutil
-
- mget ?86* For all files
- or
- mget ?86v402.zip or the basic A86 and D86 files
-
- Contributor: Raymond Moon, raymoon@moonware.dgsys.com
- Last changed: 4 Nov 95
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 4. Structuring Assembly Language in A86
-
- John Barnes has converted the macros from Kurt Schindler's "Structure: The
- Complete Toolkit for Structuring Assembly Language Programs." John Barnes
- warns that the every macro has not been proofed and tested completely.
-
- These macros are available from SimTel.
-
- ftp://ftp.coast.net/SimTel/msdos/asmutil/struca86.zip
-
- Contributor: Raymond Moon, raymoon@moonware.dgsys.com
- Last changed: 8 Jan 95
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 5. A386/D386 Availability
-
- I have received the following information about A386/D386 availability from
- the author, Mr.Eric Isaacson:
-
- A preliminary version of A386+D386 currently is shipping on the registered
- A86+D86 disk. The A386 implements the entire 386/486/Pentium instruction
- set, including 32-bit registers, 32-bit expression arithmetic, and 32-bit
- memory indexing. The only major feature not yet implemented is segments of
- type USE32 (i.e., flat mode). There is not any schedule date for
- completing that last feature.
-
- Note that the A86-only registered disk does not have A386. the A386 disk is
- available for $80 to get A386 ($82 overseas, $84 in Indiana). The printed
- manual that covers everything is an additional $10 ($15 overseas, $10.50 in
- Indiana).
-
- If you already have registered A86+D86, the A386 disk is available for the
- normal update service fee of $10 ($12 overseas, $10.50 in Indiana). If A86
- but not D86 is registered, the A386 disk is available for $40 ($42 overseas
- or Indiana). Again, the printed manual is extra.
-
- Contributor: Raymond Moon, raymoon@moonware.dgsys.com
- Last changed: 20 May 95
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject 6: A86 Source Code Site
-
- 6.1 WHERE
-
- The following programs include A86 source code and are available:
-
- ftp://kludge.byron.apana.org.au/pub/jtsoftware
-
- 6.2 WARNING - NOT A SPEED DEMON
-
- Just a warning that the Oz link may be a bit slow (100 cps) but none of the
- files are huge. The largest, colrboot.zip and kwikhelp.zip are on SimTel.
-
- 6.3 A FASTER WAY IS NOW AVAILABLE
-
- Jim Tucker has installed procmail and all files at the above ftp site now are
- available by e-mail request. For information e-mail:
-
- To: netpic@byron.apana.org.au
- Subject: send help
-
- The response is automatic and the body of the message will be ignored. The help
- file will explain how to request a descriptive list of all files, an ls -al' of
- the directory and how to request the files. Non-ASCII files, i.e., .zip files,
- will be returned UUEncoded. You may request Jim Tucker's UUDecoder, MUUD.COM,
- an ASCII executiable Netrun program, which does not need decoding.
-
- 6.4 FILES AVAILABLE AND DESCRIPTION
-
- ================================================================================
- FILES MARKED * are available on SimTel (check the version number).
- FILES MARKED # include A86 assembler source code
- ================================================================================
-
- colrboot.zip *# Writes a boot sector to floppies which displays color text
- if user tries to boot from the disk. Works with non-system
- disks through BIOS. The display is NOT a file. Choice of
- many displays. Can boot from C drive etc. Useful A86 boot
- sector source code included.
-
- kwikhelp.zip *# Lets you create your own TSR screens easily and quickly.
- Includes A86 source code.
-
- eatpaper.zip # 10 silly TSRs which make your dot matrix printer do silly
- things. Source code included. Useful if you want to write
- TSRs to control your printer.
-
- kbutils.zip # A single TSR that includes: Constant fat cursor that
- *always* works, instant abort from program loops, send LF FF
- Skip perf code to the printer from hotkeys. The source code
- is included.
-
- muud.zip # A mini-UUDecoder. Does most things but reads only a single
- source file. Its claim to fame is it is only 950 bytes and
- uses only 40 lines of ASCII in NETRUN. The NETRUN file is
- included so you can e-mail it to somebody without a decoder.
- Includes the source code.
-
- MUUD.NPX This is muud in executable ASCII. It will run with either
- DOS or UNIX end line codes without decoding!
-
- rot13.zip # A trivial thing. You might like to see the source. Uses my
- macros but the algorithm might be useful.
-
- drlite.zip # Shows lites on screen when drive(s) active (my computer is
- under the desk). Works a treat.
-
- cputimer.zip # Net people are always asking how do you time a CPU. Here's
- how I do it. Dead easy. Source included.
-
- colrprmt.zip # I have drives A-H and need to easily see which one is
- current. I came up with this. It changes the color of the
- DOS prompt. It cheats a lot, but it works. Source
- included.
-
- mymacros.zip # I use macros a bit... especially "say@ 'blah blah'" This
- might help. You'll need to be versed in A86. You should
- also have the registered version of A86.
-
- tetris.zip # It seems silly to include a game in a serious program.
- (NETPIC -#). It's only 500 bytes so what the heck. Here's
- the program (stand alone) and the source code. I've removed
- the macros so A86 will assemble this for you.
-
- fptofile.zip # Yet another print to disk. This one is better. Has hot
- keys for on-off. Variable buffer size JIM (load high).
- Change target filename while loaded. Etc etc etc. This
- includes the FULL source code for A86 (it will assemble as
- is) and FULL listings file. Grab this if you are learning
- assembler.
-
- com2data.zip # Converts a COM or EXE file (or anything really) to ASM data
- statements. I use this to execute a C program from within a
- .COM program written in assembler. Includes source code and
- source suggestions for use.
-
- Contributor: Jim Tucker, jtucker@byron.apana.org.au or
- jtucker@adam.com.au
- Last changed: 29 Aug 95
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Subject: 7. Acknowledgments
-
- I would like to acknowledge all the people who have assisted me or any of the
- contributors. For their time and effort, this FAQ is a better product.
-
- John Krueger and Gary Smith
-
-
-